Reshma Sara George*, Suneesh P.M., Jeenath Justin Doss. K
Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Opp. Ghanteshwar Park, B/H Sainik Society, Jamnagar Road, Rajkot-360006.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: georgereshma79@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living organism. In humans it is the ability of individuals or communities to adapt and self-manage when facing physical, mental or social challenges. An individual with healthy body and mind is an asset to the family and society. But health is not a commodity to purchase; health can be destroyed by various disorders or diseases. Disease broadly refers to any condition that impairs the normal functioning of the body. Some minor disease can be treated at home itself, while some major disorder or severe diseases requires medical therapy or surgical treatments in the health care set- up. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the name for a group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties. It includes: Emphysema – damage to the air sacs in the lung Chronic bronchitis – long-term inflammation of the airways. COPD is a common condition that mainly affects middle-aged or older adults who smoke. Many people do not realize they have it. The breathing problems tend to get gradually worse over time and can limit your normal activities, although treatment can help keep the condition under control. Buteyko breathing include enhanced breath control, which helps to prevent breathlessness and promote proper breathing patterns. It’s used to manage and improve a variety of conditions, including asthma, anxiety, and sleep concerns. Buteyko breathing has several benefits that relate to its ability to improve breath awareness, encourage nostril breathing, and limit over breathing. By practicing the technique patient will learn to breathe properly and efficiently, which can help prevent issues such as wheezing, coughing, and feeling short of breath. It can also help to alleviate unnecessary coughing and clear blocked nasal passages.
KEYWORDS: Effectiveness, Buteyko Breathing Exercise, Dyspnea, Obstructive Airway Disease.
INTRODUCTION:
The Buteyko method or Buteyko Breathing Technique is a form of complementary or alternative physical therapy that proposes the use of breathing exercises primarily as a treatment for asthma and other respiratory conditions.1
Buteyko asserts that numerous medical conditions, including asthma, are caused or exacerbated by chronically increased respiratory rate or hyperventilation. The method aims to correct hyperventilation and encourage shallower, slower breathing. Treatments include a series of reduced-breathing exercises that focus on nasal-breathing, breath- holding and relaxation.1
The Buteyko method was originally developed in the 1950s by physiologist Konstantin Buteyko in Ukraine, then part of the Soviet Union. The first official study into the effectiveness of the Buteyko Method on asthma was undertaken in 1968 at the Leningrad Institute of Pulmonology. The second, held at the First Moscow Institute of Pediatric Diseases in April 1980, eventually led to the head of the ministry of health to issue an order (No 591) for the implementation of the Buteyko method in the treatment of bronchial asthma. Later, this method was introduced to Australia, New Zealand, Britain and the United States, where it has received increasing exposure. Anecdotal reports of life-changing improvements attributed to the Buteyko method abound on the Internet and in books.1
The Buteyko Breathing Method is a unique breathing therapy that uses breath control and breath-holding exercises to treat a wide range of health conditions believed to be connected to hyperventilation and low carbon dioxide. The therapy involves instructing patients in controlled shallow breathing through the nose only, with breath-holding at the end of the exhalation and resuming normal breathing calmly and gently.2
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a “common preventable, and treatable disease that is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to abnormalities in the airway and (or) alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases”. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), COPD is among the leading causes of deaths globally. The WHO Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases is committed towards the common goal to reduce the global burden of respiratory diseases.4
According to the WHO’s estimates, nearly 65million people have moderate to severe COPD that accounts for 5% of deaths (41.9 deaths per 100 000 individuals) globally and COPD remained the most prevalent disease-specific chronic respiratory disease (CRD). COPD also imposes a significant burden owing to high health care costs and impaired health-related quality of life. It is the leading cause of disability among chronic respiratory diseases and was the second leading contributor of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY). In 2020, nearly 32% of global DALYs due to COPD occurred in India and COPD is responsible for 75.6% of total DALYs among chronic respiratory disease in India. COPD-related mortality has been reported to be 39%. Most of the existing data on COPD is from high-income countries, but 90% of deaths occur in low and middle-income countries. Both India and China contributed to 33% of the world population and accounted for 66% of COPD mortality.5
The number of COPD cases in India was a staggering 55.3 million and is the second common cause of deaths due to NCD. Evidence from India suggested the COPD prevalence increases with age and exponentially after 30 years of age. The estimated prevalence of COPD ranged from 0.1% to 0.9% between the age group of 5 years to 29 years while the incidence ranged from 1.6% to 28.3% in population above 30 years of age. The prevalence of COPD varies across different regions and states of India. While the COPD prevalence in Bangalore was reported to be 4.36%, evidence from Delhi reported a prevalence of 10% whereas the prevalence in Kerala was reported to be 6.19% among the general population. Evidence from a multi-centric study further reported the prevalence of Chronic Bronchitis (CB) was 3.5% in population above 35 years. A systematic review revealed the gender-wise variation in prevalence, where COPD rates in males ranged between 2% to 22% and that for females between 1.2 to 19%.6
1. To assess the pre-test and post-test level of dyspnoea among patient with obstructive airway disease of experimental group in selected hospital, at Rajkot
2. To assess the pre-test and post-test level of dyspnoea among patient with obstructive airway disease of control group in selected hospital, at Rajkot
3. To evaluate the effectiveness of Buteyko breathing exercise by comparing pre- test and post-test on level of dyspnoea of experimental and control group among patient with obstructive airway disease in selected hospital, at Rajkot.
4. To compare the post test score on level of dyspnoea between experimental and control group among patient with obstructive airway disease in selected hospital, at Rajkot.
5. To find out the association between selected demographic variables and post- test level of dyspnoea among patient with obstructive airway disease in selected hospital in selected hospital, at Rajkot.
H1: There will be significant improvement in level of dyspnoea after Butekyo breathingexercise among patient with obstructive airway disease in experimental group.
H2: The mean post test score of level of dyspnoea of experimental group will be lower than mean post test score of level of dyspnoea of control group.
H3: There will be significant association between selected demographic variables and post-test level of dyspnoea among patient with obstructive airway disease of experimental and control group.
Quantitative research approach.
Quasi-Experimental design; Time series design, with control group.
Independent variable:
Butekyo breathing exercise.
Dependent variable:
Level of dyspnea.
The study was conducted in selected hospital at Rajkot. The selected hospital is Plexus Hospital, Rajkot. Hospital is located in Shital park road at Rajkot. It is 3.7km distant from Shri Anand Institute of Nursing.
Accessible population:
Patient with obstructive airway disease.
Target population:
Patient with respiratory disorder in selected hospital.
In this study, the sample size was decided to be 40 patients with obstructive airway disease who are suffering from dyspnoea. Among them 20 samples are in experimental group and 20 in control group.
The research study was conducted by non-probability purposive sampling technique.
Major study findings include.
1. The majority 8 (40%) sample’s age between 41 to 50 years
2. The majority 10 (50%) sample’s gender are male and 10 (50%) are female
3. The majority 8 (40%) sample’s personal habit is smoking
4. The majority 10 (50%) sample’s suffering from heart disease
5. The majority 10 (50%) sample’s sleeping pattern is between 3 to 5 hours and 10 (50%) 5 to 7 hours.
6. The majority 10 (50%) sample’s dietary pattern are vegetarians and 10 (50%) are mixed.
7. The majority 10 (50%) samples are lightly active
8. The majority 10 (50%) sample’s occupation is farming.
1. The majority 15 (75%) sample’s age between 31 to 40 years
2. The majority 15 (75%) sample’s gender are males
3. The majority 15 (75%) sample’s personal habit is smoking
4. The majority 15 (75%) sample’s suffering from heart disease
5. The majority 17 (85%) sample’s sleeping pattern is between 5 to 7 hours.
6. The majority 20 (100%) sample’s dietary pattern are vegetarians
7. The majority 17 (85%) sample’s activity pattern is moderately active.
8. The majority 16 (80%) sample’s occupation is labor.
With regards to the effectiveness of Butekyo breathing on reducing dyspnoea level, the obtained F value in ANOVA test for the level of dyspnoea in experimental group was 214.84 that was highly significant at p=0.001 level. And the obtained F value in ANOVA test for the level dyspnoea in control group was 15.24 that was highly significant at p=0.001 level.
The present study was to assess the effectiveness of Butekyo breathing on level of dyspnoea among patient with obstructive airway disease in Plexus hospital. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of Butekyo breathing on level of dyspnoea among patient with obstructive airway disease A Quasi-Experimental design; Time series design, with control group design was chosen for the study without randomization. The samples were selected for the study by adopting non-probability purposive sampling technique. The sample selected for the present study was decided to be 40. The data collected regarding the level of respiratory outcome and the pre-test score will be assessed of thecontrol and experimental group respiratory outcome will be assessed by using the tool.Then again modified medical research council dyspnea scale (mMRC) will be used to assess the post-test level of respiratory outcome of both experimental and control group among patient with obstructive airway disease.
The tool was used to collect the data which consists of 2 parts. Part 1: consists of demographic variables of patients. Part 2: consists of Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC)..The content of (mMRC) were checked and evaluated by 5 experts. The experts were specialized in Medical Surgical Nursing. The data collected were analyzed through descriptive (mean, frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (Independent 't' test and chi square) to test the hypothesis.
The main conclusion from this study is that most of the patient with obstructive airway disease had profound and severe level of dyspnoea in experimental pre test and no breathlessness and mild breathlessness in post test day. And patients in control group had profound and severe level of dyspnoea in pre test and severe and moderate breathlessness in post test day. This shows imperative need to understand the purpose of Butekyo breathing regarding the reduction of dyspnoea level among patient with obstructive airway disease.
1. Esraa Elwan Mohammed Hassan, Fawzia Elsayed Abusaad, et.al. The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology. Published on 23 July 2022
2. Gunjan Sinh, Raghavendran .M, et.al. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development. Published on April 2022
3. Jaculine Jemima, et.al. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research. June 2019
4. Thomas G Campbell, Tammy C Hoffmann, et.al. Cochrane Library. Published Online on 2018.
5. Richa Hirendra Rai, Priyanka Sharma, et.al. International Journal of Health Science and Research. Published on July 2018.
|
Received on 13.07.2025 Revised on 28.07.2025 Accepted on 07.08.2025 Published on 18.08.2025 Available online from August 30, 2025 A and V Pub Int. J. of Nursing and Med. Res. 2025;4(3):167-170. DOI: 10.52711/ijnmr.2025.31 ©A and V Publications All right reserved
|
|
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Creative Commons License. |
|